Ekuphishekeleni ukusimama, izinzwa zinciphisa izikhathi zomjikelezo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokumosha, ngokuzenzakalela ukulawula inqubo ye-loop evaliwe kanye nolwazi olukhulayo, zivula amathuba amasha okukhiqiza nezakhiwo ezihlakaniphile.#sensors #sustainability #SHM
Izinzwa kwesokunxele (phezulu ukuya phansi): ukushisa okushisayo (TFX), i-in-mold dielectrics (Lambient), ama-ultrasonics (iNyuvesi yase-Augsburg), ama-dielectrics alahlwayo (Ama-Synthesite) naphakathi kwamapennies kanye ne-thermocouples Microwire (AvPro).Amagrafu (phezulu, ngokwewashi): I-Collo dielectric constant (CP) ngokumelene ne-Collo ionic viscosity (CIV), ukumelana ne-resin ngokumelene nesikhathi (Ama-Synthesites) kanye nemodeli yedijithali yama-preform afakwe i-caprolactam esebenzisa izinzwa zikagesi (CosiMo project, DLR ZLP , University of Augsburg).
Njengoba imboni yomhlaba wonke iqhubeka nokuvela kubhubhane lwe-COVID-19, isishintshele ekubekeni phambili ukusimama, okudinga ukunciphisa ukumoshwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza (njengamandla, amanzi nezinto zokwakha). Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqiza kufanele kusebenze kahle futhi kuhlakaniphe .Kodwa lokhu kudinga ulwazi.Ngezinhlanganisela, le datha ivelaphi?
Njengoba kuchazwe ochungechungeni lwama-athikili we-CW's 2020 Composites 4.0, okuchaza izilinganiso ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ingxenye yekhwalithi nokukhiqizwa, kanye nezinzwa ezidingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe lezo zilinganiso, kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile.Phakathi kuka-2020 no-2021, i-CW yabika ngezinzwa—i-dielectric. izinzwa, izinzwa zokushisa okuguquguqukayo, izinzwa ze-fiber optic, nezinzwa ezingaxhunywanga zisebenzisa amaza e-ultrasonic namagagasi kagesi—kanye namaphrojekthi abonisa amandla azo (bona isethi yokuqukethwe kwenzwa eku-inthanethi ye-CW). Lesi sihloko sakhela phezu kwalo mbiko ngokuxoxa ngezinzwa ezisetshenziswe ekuhlanganiseni. izinto ezisetshenziswayo, izinzuzo ezithenjisiwe kanye nezinselelo zazo, kanye nesimo sezobuchwepheshe esingaphansi kokuthuthukiswa.Ngokuphawulekayo, izinkampani ezisafufusa njengabaholi embonini yezinhlanganisela sezivele zihlola futhi zizulazula lesi sikhala.
Inethiwekhi yezinzwa ku-CosiMo A inethiwekhi yezinzwa ezingama-74 – ezingama-57 zazo izinzwa ezisebenza nge-ultrasonic ezakhiwe eNyuvesi yase-Augsburg (ezikhonjiswe kwesokudla, amachashazi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokukhanyayo kumahafu esikhunta angaphezulu naphansi) – asetshenziselwa umbonisi Wesivalo we-T-RTM. ukubumba iphrojekthi ye-CosiMo yamabhethri ayinhlanganisela ye-thermoplastic.Ikhredithi yesithombe: iphrojekthi ye-CosiMo, i-DLR ZLP Augsburg, University of Augsburg
Umgomo #1: Yonga imali.Ibhulogi ye-CW kaDisemba 2021, “Izinzwa Zezifiso Ze-Ultrasonic Zokuthuthukisa Nokulawula Inqubo Ehlanganisiwe,” ichaza umsebenzi eNyuvesi yase-Augsburg (UNA, Augsburg, Germany) ukuze kuthuthukiswe inethiwekhi yezinzwa ezingama-74 eyenzelwe i-CosiMo. iphrojekthi yokwenza isibonisi sekhava yebhethri ye-EV (izinto eziyinhlanganisela ekuthuthweni okuhlakaniphile).Ingxenye yenziwe kusetshenziswa ukubumba kwe-thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T-RTM), eyenza i-caprolactam monomer in situ ibe yinhlanganisela ye-polyamide 6 (PA6).UMarkus Sause, UProfesa kwa-UNA kanye neNhloko ye-UNA's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Production Network e-Augsburg, ichaza ukuthi kungani izinzwa zibaluleke kangaka: “Inzuzo enkulu esikunikezayo ukubuka ngeso lokho okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwebhokisi elimnyama ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi banezinhlelo ezilinganiselwe zokufeza lokhu. Isibonelo, basebenzisa izinzwa ezilula kakhulu noma eziqondile lapho besebenzisa ukumnika kwe-resin ukwenza izingxenye ezinkulu ze-aerospace. Uma inqubo yokumnika ingahambi kahle, unesiqephu esikhulu se-scrap. Kodwa uma unezixazululo zokuqonda ukuthi yini engahambanga kahle ohlelweni lokukhiqiza nokuthi kungani, ungayilungisa futhi uyilungise, ulondoloze imali eningi.”
Ama-Thermocouples ayisibonelo "senzwa elula noma ethize" esetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lama-laminates ahlanganisiwe ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa kwe-autoclave noma kuhhavini.Asetshenziselwa ngisho nokulawula izinga lokushisa kuhhavini noma ekushiseni izingubo ukuze kwelaphe amapheshana okulungisa okuyinhlanganisela usebenzisa. ama-thermal bonders.Abakhiqizi be-Resin basebenzisa izinzwa ezihlukahlukene elebhu ukuqapha izinguquko ze-resin viscosity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nezinga lokushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kokwelapha.Yini evelayo, noma kunjalo, inethiwekhi yezinzwa engakwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo futhi ilawule inqubo yokukhiqiza ku-situ ngokusekelwe amapharamitha amaningi (isib., izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi) kanye nesimo sezinto (isb, i-viscosity, ukuhlanganisa, icrystallization).
Isibonelo, inzwa ye-ultrasonic eyenzelwe iphrojekthi ye-CosiMo isebenzisa izimiso ezifanayo njengokuhlola kwe-ultrasonic, okuye kwaba insika yokuhlola okungabhubhisi (i-NDI) yezingxenye eziqediwe eziyinhlanganisela.UPetros Karapapas, Unjiniyela Omkhulu e-Meggitt (Loughborough, UK), uthe: “Inhloso yethu ukunciphisa isikhathi nomsebenzi odingekayo wokuhlolwa kwangemuva kokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zesikhathi esizayo njengoba siqhubekela ekukhiqizeni ngedijithali.” I-Materials Center (NCC, Bristol, UK) ukusebenzisana ukukhombisa ukuqapha kwendandatho ye-Solvay (Alpharetta, GA, USA) EP 2400 ngesikhathi se-RTM kusetshenziswa inzwa yomugqa ye-dielectric eyakhiwe e-Cranfield University (Cranfield, UK) Ukugeleza nokuphulukiswa kwe-oxyresin 1.3 m ubude, 0.8 m ububanzi kanye 0.4 m ukujula igobolondo eliyinhlanganisela yemishini yezentengiselwano ukushisa injini yendiza. ukuhlola kuzo zonke izingxenye,” kusho uKarapapas.” Njengamanje, senza amaphaneli okuhlola eduze kwalezi zingxenye ze-RTM bese sihlola imishini ukuze siqinisekise umjikelezo wokwelapha. Kepha ngale sensor, akudingekile. ”
I-Collo Probe icwiliswa emkhunjini wokuxuba upende (indingilizi eluhlaza phezulu) ukuze ibone lapho ukuxutshwa sekuqediwe, konga isikhathi namandla.Ikhredithi yesithombe: ColloidTek Oy
“Umgomo wethu awukona ukuba enye idivayisi yaselabhorethri, kodwa ukugxila ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza,” kusho uMatti Järveläinen, oyi-CEO nomsunguli we-ColloidTek Oy (Kolo, Tampere, Finland).I-CW January 2022 blog “Fingerprint Liquids for Composites” ihlola I-Collo inhlanganisela yezinzwa zenkundla ye-electromagnetic field (EMF), ukucubungula isignali nokuhlaziywa kwedatha ukuze kukale “izigxivizo zeminwe” zanoma yiluphi uketshezi olufana nama-monomer, ama-resin noma izinto zokunamathisela .“Esikunikezayo ubuchwepheshe obusha obunikeza impendulo eqondile ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuze ukwazi qonda kangcono ukuthi inqubo yakho isebenza kanjani futhi yenze kanjani lapho izinto zingahambi kahle,” kusho u-Järveläinen. "Izinzwa zethu ziguqula idatha yesikhathi sangempela ibe amanani abonakalayo aqondakalayo futhi athathekayo, afana ne-rheological viscosity, evumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo. Isibonelo, unganciphisa izikhathi zokuxuba ngoba ungabona ngokucacile uma ukuxuba kuqedile. Ngakho-ke, ngo-You ungakhuphula umkhiqizo, wonge amandla futhi unciphise izinsalela uma kuqhathaniswa nokucubungula okwenziwe kahle kancane.”
Umgomo #2: Khulisa ulwazi lwenqubo kanye nokubonwayo.Ngezinqubo ezifana nokuhlanganisa, u-Järveläinen uthi, “Awuboni ulwazi oluningi esithombeni nje. Uthatha isampula nje bese ungena elebhu futhi ubheka ukuthi bekunjani emizuzwini noma emahoreni adlule. Kufana nokushayela emgwaqeni omkhulu, njalo ngehora Vula amehlo akho umzuzu owodwa bese uzama ukubikezela ukuthi umgwaqo uyaphi.” USause uyavuma, ephawula ukuthi inethiwekhi yezinzwa ethuthukiswe ku-CosiMo “isisiza ukuthi sithole isithombe esiphelele senqubo nokuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Singabona imiphumela yendawo enqubweni, ekuphenduleni Ukwahluka kwengxenye yogqinsi noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezifana ne-foam core. Esizama ukukwenza ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nokuthi empeleni kwenzekani ekubumbeni. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sinqume ulwazi oluhlukahlukene olufana nokuma kwe-flow front, ukufika kwengxenye ngayinye yesikhathi kanye nezinga lokuhlanganisa endaweni ngayinye yezinzwa.”
U-Collo usebenzisana nabakhiqizi bezinamatheliso ze-epoxy, amapende ngisho nobhiya ukuze bakhe amaphrofayili enqubo yeqoqo ngalinye elikhiqizwayo.Manje wonke umkhiqizi angabuka amandla enqubo yakhe futhi asethe imingcele ethuthukisiwe, enezixwayiso zokungenela lapho amaqoqo engasekho.Lokhu kuyasiza. uzinzise futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi.
Ividiyo yokugeleza okuphambili engxenyeni ye-CosiMo (umnyango womjovo uyichashazi elimhlophe phakathi nendawo) njengomsebenzi wesikhathi, ngokusekelwe kudatha yokulinganisa evela kunethiwekhi yenzwa esesikhunjeni.Ikhredithi yesithombe: CosiMo project, DLR ZLP Augsburg, University of Augsburg
"Ngifuna ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngesikhathi kukhiqizwa ingxenye, hhayi ukuvula ibhokisi bese ngibona ukuthi kwenzekani ngemuva kwalokho," kusho i-Karapapas kaMeggitt." Imikhiqizo esiyithuthukise sisebenzisa izinzwa ze-dielectric ze-Cranfield zisivumele ukuthi sibone inqubo ye-in-situ, futhi sakwazi futhi. ukuze uqinisekise ukuphulukiswa kwe-resin. " Ukusebenzisa zonke izinhlobo eziyisithupha zezinzwa ezichazwe ngezansi (hhayi uhlu oluphelele, ukukhetha okuncane, abahlinzeki, nabo), kungaqapha ukwelapha/ukwenziwa kwe-polymerization kanye nokugeleza kwe-resin.Ezinye izinzwa zinamandla engeziwe, futhi izinhlobo zezinzwa ezihlanganisiwe zinganweba amathuba okulandela umkhondo nawokubona. ngesikhathi sokubumba okuyinhlanganisela.Lokhu kwaboniswa ngesikhathi se-CosiMo, esebenzisa izinzwa ze-ultrasonic, i-dielectric kanye ne-piezoresistive in-mode yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kuka-Kistler (Winterthur, Switzerland).
Umgomo #3: Nciphisa isikhathi somjikelezo.Izinzwa ze-Collo zingakala ukufana kwezingxenye ezimbili ze-epoxy elapha ngokushesha njengoba izingxenye A no-B zixutshwa futhi zijovwe ngesikhathi se-RTM nakuyo yonke indawo ekubunjweni lapho izinzwa ezinjalo zibekwe khona.Lokhu kungasiza ukunika amandla ama-resin elapha ngokushesha ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Urban Air Mobility (UAM), engahlinzeka ngemijikelezo yokwelapha esheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa nama-epoxies amanje anengxenye eyodwa njenge-RTM6.
Izinzwa ze-Collo zingaphinda ziqaphe futhi zibone ngeso lengqondo i-epoxy ikhishwa, ijovwa futhi ilashwa, nalapho inqubo ngayinye isiqediwe.Ukuqeda ukwelapha nezinye izinqubo ezisekelwe esimweni sangempela sento ecutshungulwayo (ngokuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esivamile nezinga lokushisa lokupheka) kubizwa ngokuthi ukuphathwa kwesimo esibalulekile. (MSM).Izinkampani ezifana ne-AvPro (Norman, Oklahoma, USA) bezilokhu ziphishekela i-MSM amashumi eminyaka ukuze zilandelele izinguquko engxenyeni yezinto zokwakha nezinqubo njengoba ziphishekela okuhlosiwe okuqondile kwezinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi (Tg), viscosity, polymerization kanye/noma crystallization .Ngokwesibonelo, inethiwekhi yezinzwa nokuhlaziywa kwedijithali ku-CosiMo kwasetshenziselwa ukunquma isikhathi esincane esidingekayo ukuze kushiswe umshini wokunyathelisa we-RTM kanye nesikhunta futhi kwatholakala ukuthi u-96% we-polymerization ephezulu ifinyelelwe emaminithini angu-4.5.
Abahlinzeki bezinzwa ze-Dielectric ezifana ne-Lambient Technologies (Cambridge, MA, USA), Netzsch (Selb, Germany) kanye ne-Synthesites (Uccle, Belgium) nabo babonise amandla abo okunciphisa izikhathi zomjikelezo.Iphrojekthi ye-R&D ye-Synthesites enabakhiqizi bezinhlanganisela u-Hutchinson (Paris, France) ) kanye ne-Bombardier Belfast (manje eyi-Spirit AeroSystems (Belfast, Ireland)) ibika ukuthi ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zesikhathi sangempela zokumelana nenhlaka nezinga lokushisa, ngeyunithi yayo yokutholwa kwedatha ye-Optimold kanye ne-Optiview Software iguqulela ku-viscosity elinganiselwe kanye ne-Tg.“Abakhiqizi bangabona i-Tg. ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuze bakwazi ukunquma ukuthi bazowumisa nini umjikelezo wokwelapha,” kuchaza u-Nikos Pantelelis, uMqondisi we-Synthesites. “Akudingeki balinde ukuze baqedele umjikelezo we-carryover omude kunesidingo. Isibonelo, umjikelezo wendabuko we-RTM6 uyikhambi eligcwele lamahora angu-2 ku-180°C. Sibonile ukuthi lokhu kungafushaniswa kube amaminithi angu-70 kwamanye amajiyometri. Lokhu kuphinde kwaboniswa kuphrojekthi ye-INNOTOOL 4.0 (bona "Ukusheshisa i-RTM Ngezinzwa Zokushisa Okushisayo"), lapho ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa yokushisa kunciphise umjikelezo wokwelapha we-RTM6 ukusuka kumaminithi angu-120 kuya kumaminithi angu-90.
Umgomo #4: Ukulawulwa kwe-loop evaliwe yezinqubo eziguquguqukayo.Kuphrojekthi ye-CosiMo, umgomo omkhulu uwukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulawulwa kwe-loop evaliwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye eziyinhlanganisela.Lokhu futhi kuwumgomo wephrojekthi ye-ZAero kanye ne-iComposite 4.0 ebikwe yi-CW ku- 2020 (ukunciphisa izindleko ngo-30-50%).Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kuhilela izinqubo ezahlukene - ukubekwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-prepreg tape (i-ZAero) kanye ne-fiber spray preforming uma kuqhathaniswa nokucindezela okuphezulu kwe-T-RTM ku-CosiMo ye-RTM ene-epoxy yokwelapha ngokushesha (iComposite 4.0). kulawa maphrojekthi sebenzisa izinzwa ezinamamodeli edijithali kanye nama-algorithms ukulingisa inqubo nokubikezela umphumela wengxenye eqediwe.
Ukulawulwa kwenqubo kungacatshangwa njengochungechunge lwezinyathelo, kuchaza u-Sause.Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlanganisa izinzwa kanye nemishini yokucubungula, wathi, "ukubona ngeso lengqondo okwenzekayo ebhokisini elimnyama kanye nemingcele okufanele isetshenziswe. Ezinye izinyathelo ezimbalwa, mhlawumbe uhhafu wokulawula iluphu evaliwe, ziyakwazi ukucisha inkinobho yokumisa ukuze zingenele, Shuna inqubo futhi uvimbele izingxenye ezinqatshiwe. Njengesinyathelo sokugcina, ungakha iwele ledijithali, elingazenzakalela, kodwa futhi lidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali ezindleleni zokufunda ngomshini.” Ku-CosiMo, lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kwenza izinzwa zikwazi ukufaka idatha kumawele edijithali, ukuhlaziywa kwe-Edge (izibalo ezenziwa onqenqemeni lomugqa wokukhiqiza kuqhathaniswa nezibalo ezivela endaweni yokugcina idatha emaphakathi) bese kusetshenziswa ukubikezela ukugeleza okuhamba phambili, okuqukethwe kwe-fiber volume ngayinye preform yendwangu. kanye nezindawo ezomile ezingase zibe khona.” Ngokufanelekile, ungakwazi ukumisa izilungiselelo ukuze unike amandla ukulawulwa kwe-loop evaliwe kanye nokushuna inqubo,” kusho u-Sause.” Lokhu kuzobandakanya imingcele efana nokucindezela komjovo, ukucindezela kwesikhunta nezinga lokushisa. Ungasebenzisa futhi lolu lwazi ukuze wenze izinto zakho zibe ngcono.”
Ngokwenza kanjalo, izinkampani zisebenzisa izinzwa ukuze zenze izinqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo.Ngokwesibonelo, i-Synthesites isebenza namakhasimende ayo ukuze ihlanganise izinzwa nemishini yokuvala i-resin inlet lapho ukumnika sekuphelile, noma uvule umshini wokushisa lapho ukwelapha okuhlosiwe kufinyelelwa.
U-Järveläinen uphawula ukuthi ukuze unqume ukuthi iyiphi inzwa elungele icala ngalinye elisetshenziswayo, “kufanele uqonde ukuthi iluphi ushintsho kundaba kanye nenqubo ofuna ukuyiqapha, bese kufanele ube ne-analyzer.” Umhlaziyi uthola idatha eqoqwe umhloli wemibuzo noma iyunithi yokutholwa kwedatha. idatha eluhlaza futhi uyiguqule ibe ulwazi olusetshenziswa umenzi.”Empeleni ubona izinkampani eziningi ezihlanganisa izinzwa, kodwa-ke azenzi lutho ngedatha,” kusho uSause.Okudingekile, wachaza, “uhlelo. yokutholwa kwedatha, kanye nesakhiwo sokugcinwa kwedatha ukuze sikwazi ukucubungula idatha.”
“Abasebenzisi bokugcina abafuni nje ukubona idatha eluhlaza,” kusho u-Järveläinen.” Bafuna ukwazi, 'Ingabe inqubo yenziwe kahle?'” Singathathwa nini isinyathelo esilandelayo?” Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlanganisa izinzwa eziningi. ukuze kuhlaziywe, bese usebenzisa ukufunda ngomshini ukusheshisa inqubo.” Lokhu kuhlaziywa konqenqema kanye nendlela yokufunda yomshini esetshenziswa ithimba le-Collo ne-CosiMo ingafinyelelwa ngamamephu e-viscosity, amamodeli ezinombolo engaphambili lokugeleza kwe-resin, kanye nekhono ekugcineni lokulawula imingcele yenqubo kanye nemishini ibonakala ngeso lengqondo.
I-Optimold iyi-analyzer eyakhiwe i-Synthesites ngezinzwa zayo ze-dielectric.Ilawulwa isofthiwe ye-Synthesites' Optiview, iyunithi ye-Optimold isebenzisa izilinganiso zokumelana nezinga lokushisa ne-resin ukuze ibale futhi ibonise amagrafu esikhathi sangempela ukuze ihlole isimo se-resin okuhlanganisa isilinganiso se-mix, ukuguga kwamakhemikhali, i-viscosity, i-Tg. kanye nezinga lokwelapha.Ingasetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokwakhiwa kwe-prepreg kanye ne-liquid.Iyunithi ehlukile i-Optiflow isetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukugeleza.Ama-Synthesites aphinde asungula isilingisi sokuphulukisa esingadingi inzwa yokuphulukisa ekubunjeni noma engxenyeni, kodwa esikhundleni salokho sisebenzisa inzwa yokushisa kanye ne-resin/prepreg amasampula kule yunithi yokuhlaziya. "Sisebenzisa le ndlela yesimanje yokufakelwa kanye ne-adhesive yokwelapha ukukhiqizwa kwe-wind turbine blade," kusho u-Nikos Pantelelis, uMqondisi we-Synthesites.
Amasistimu okulawula inqubo ye-Synthesites ahlanganisa izinzwa, i-Optiflow kanye/noma amayunithi okutholwa kwedatha ye-Optimold, kanye nesofthiwe ye-OptiView kanye/noma ye-Online Resin Status (ORS).Ikhredithi yesithombe: Synthesites, ehlelwe yi-CW
Ngakho-ke, abahlinzeki abaningi bezinzwa bazenzele ezabo abahlaziyi, abanye basebenzisa ukufunda ngomshini kanti abanye abakwenzi.Kodwa abakhiqizi abayinhlanganisela bangakwazi futhi ukuthuthukisa amasistimu abo angokwezifiso noma bathenge amathuluzi angekho eshalofini futhi bawaguqule ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile.Nokho, amandla okuhlaziya isici esisodwa kuphela okufanele sicatshangelwe.Ziningi ezinye.
Ukuthintana nakho kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho ukhetha ukuthi iyiphi inzwa okufanele isetshenziswe.Inzwa ingase idinge ukuthi ithintane nokokusebenza, umhloli, noma kokubili.Isibonelo, i-heat flux nezinzwa ze-ultrasonic zingafakwa kusikhunta se-RTM esingu-1-20mm ukusuka. indawo engaphezulu - ukuqapha okunembile akudingi ukuthintana nezinto ezisesikhunjini.Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic zingaphinda ziphenye izingxenye ekujuleni okuhlukene kuye ngefrikhwensi esetshenziswayo.Izinzwa zikagesi ze-Collo zingakwazi futhi ukufunda ukujula koketshezi noma izingxenye - 2-10 cm, kuye ngokuthi ezikhathini zokuphenywa - nangeziqukathi ezingezona ezensimbi noma amathuluzi axhumene ne-resin.
Nokho, ama-microwires kazibuthe (bona okuthi “Ukuqapha okungaxhunywana naye kwezinga lokushisa nokucindezela ngaphakathi kwezinhlanganisela”) okwamanje yiwona kuphela izinzwa ezikwazi ukuphenya izinhlanganisela ebangeni elingu-10 cm.Lokho kungenxa yokuthi zisebenzisa ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic ukuze zithole impendulo evela kunzwa, okuyinto ishumekwe ezintweni eziyinhlanganisela.Inzwa ye-microwire ye-AvPro's ThermoPulse, eshumekwe kungqimba lwebhondi enamathelayo, iphenywe nge-carbon fiber laminate engu-25mm ugqinsi ukuze kukalwe izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa.Njengoba izintambo ezincane ezinoboya ububanzi obungama-microns angu-3-70, akuthinti ukusebenza kwenhlanganisela noma kwe-bondline.Ezingu-diameter ezikhudlwana kancane ezingama-microns ayi-100-200, izinzwa ze-fiber optic nazo zingashumekwa ngaphandle kwezakhiwo eziwohlokayo.Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi zisebenzisa ukukhanya ukuze zilinganise, izinzwa ze-fiber optic kufanele zibe noxhumo lwentambo umphenyi.Ngokunjalo, njengoba izinzwa ze-dielectric zisebenzisa i-voltage ukukala izakhiwo ze-resin, kufanele futhi zixhunywe kumphenyi, futhi eziningi kufanele futhi zixhumane ne-resin eziyiqaphayo.
Inzwa ye-Collo Probe (phezulu) ingacwiliswa oketshezini, kuyilapho i-Collo Plate (ngezansi) ifakwe odongeni lomkhumbi/umkhumbi wokuxuba noma ukucubungula amapayipi/umugqa wokuphakela.Ikhredithi yesithombe: ColloidTek Oy
Amandla okushisa enzwa angenye into ebalulekile yokucatshangelwa.Ngokwesibonelo, izinzwa eziningi ze-ultrasonic ezingekho eshalofini ngokuvamile zisebenza emazingeni okushisa afika ku-150 ° C, kodwa izingxenye ku-CosiMo zidinga ukwakhiwa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-200 ° C.Ngakho-ke, i-UNA kwadingeka ukuthi idizayine inzwa ye-ultrasonic ngaleli khono.Izinzwa ze-dielectric ezilahlwayo ze-Lambient zingasetshenziswa engxenyeni engaphezulu efika ku-350°C, futhi izinzwa zayo ezibunjwa kabusha ezingasetshenziswa kabusha zingasetshenziswa kufika ku-250°C.RVmagnetics (Kosice, Slovakia) isithuthukisiwe. inzwa yayo ye-microwire yezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezingamelana nokuphulukiswa ku-500 ° C. Ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe benzwa ye-Collo ngokwayo ingenawo umkhawulo wokushisa wethiyori, isihlangu sengilazi esishisayo se-Collo Plate kanye nezindlu ezintsha ze-polyetheretherketone (PEEK) ze-Collo Probe zombili zihloliwe. ngomsebenzi oqhubekayo ongu-150°C, ngokusho kuka-Järveläinen.Ngaleso sikhathi, i-PhotonFirst (Alkmaar, The Netherlands) yasebenzisa i-polyimide enamathela ukuze inikeze izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo elingu-350°C ngenzwa yayo ye-fiber optic yephrojekthi ye-SuCoHS, ukuze kube nesimeme futhi kube nezindleko- inhlanganisela esebenzayo yokushisa okuphezulu.
Esinye isici okufanele icatshangelwe, ikakhulukazi ukufakwa, ukuthi inzwa ikala endaweni eyodwa noma iyinzwa yomugqa enamaphuzu amaningi okuzwa.Isibonelo, izinzwa ze-Com&Sens (Eke, Belgium) ze-fiber optic zingaba ngamamitha angu-100 ubude futhi zibe phezulu. kuya ku-40 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) amaphuzu okuzwa anezikhala ezincane ze-1 cm.Lezi zinzwa zisetshenziselwe ukuqapha impilo yesakhiwo (SHM) yamabhuloho ayinhlanganisela amamitha angu-66 ubude kanye nokuqapha ukugeleza kwe-resin ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwamadekhi amakhulu ebhuloho.Ukufaka izinzwa zamaphuzu ngamanye zephrojekthi enjalo zingadinga inani elikhulu lezinzwa kanye nesikhathi esiningi sokufakwa.I-NCC kanye neNyuvesi yaseCranfield bafuna izinzuzo ezifanayo ngezinzwa zabo ze-dielectric eziqondile.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzwa ze-dielectric ezinephuzu elilodwa ezinikezwa i-Lambient, Netzsch kanye ne-Synthesites, " Ngenzwa yethu yomugqa, singakwazi ukuqapha ukugeleza kwe-resin ngokuqhubekayo ngobude, okunciphisa kakhulu inani lezinzwa ezidingekayo engxenyeni noma ithuluzi. "
I-AFP NLR Yezinzwa ze-Fiber Optic Iyunithi ekhethekile ihlanganiswe kusiteshi sesi-8 sekhanda le-Coriolis AFP ukuze ibeke izinzwa ezine ze-fiber optic endaweni yokushisa ephezulu, iphaneli yokuhlola eyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fibre eqinisiwe.Ikhredithi yesithombe: SuCoHS Project, NLR
Kuphrojekthi ye-SuCoHS, i-Royal NLR (i-Dutch Aerospace Centre, i-Marknesse) ithuthukise iyunithi ekhethekile ehlanganiswe nesiteshi sesi-8 i-Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) inhloko ye-Coriolis Composites (Queven, France) ukuze ishumeke Izinhla ezine ( imigqa ehlukene ye-fiber optic), ngayinye inezinzwa ze-FBG ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6 (I-PhotonFirst inikeza ingqikithi yezinzwa ezingu-23), kumaphaneli okuhlola i-carbon fibre. eside ama-microwires amaningi ayinhlanganisela], kodwa abekwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kukhiqizwa kabusha, ”kusho u-Ratislav Varga, umsunguli we-RVmagnetics. “Une-microwire ene-microwire eyi-1km. amakhoyili we-filament futhi uwafake endaweni yokukhiqiza kabusha ngaphandle kokushintsha indlela okwenziwa ngayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Com&Sens isebenza kubuchwepheshe obuzenzakalelayo ukuze ishumeke izinzwa ze-fiber-optic ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoqa i-filament emikhunjini yokucindezela.
Ngenxa yekhono layo lokuqhuba ugesi, i-carbon fiber ingabangela izinkinga ngezinzwa ze-dielectric.Izinzwa ze-Dielectric zisebenzisa ama-electrode amabili abekwe eduze komunye nomunye. Kulokhu, sebenzisa isihlungi."Isihlungi sivumela i-resin ukuthi idlule izinzwa, kodwa sizivikele ku-carbon fiber." Inzwa yomugqa ye-dielectric eyakhiwe yi-Cranfield University kanye ne-NCC isebenzisa indlela ehlukile, okuhlanganisa amapheya amabili asontekile ezintambo zethusi.Lapho kusetshenziswa i-voltage, kwakhiwa inkambu ye-electromagnetic phakathi kwezintambo, esetshenziselwa ukukala i-resin impedance.Izintambo ziboshwe. nge-polymer evikelayo engathinti insimu kagesi, kodwa evimbela i-carbon fiber ukuthi ingafinyeleli.
Yebo, izindleko nazo ziyinkinga.I-Com&Sens ithi izindleko ezimaphakathi ngephuzu ngalinye le-FBG lenzwa ama-euro angu-50-125, angase ehle afinyelele cishe kuma-euro angu-25-35 uma esetshenziswa ngamaqoqo (isb., emikhunjini yokucindezela engu-100,000).(Lokhu kungu- ingxenye kuphela yamandla okukhiqiza amanje futhi acatshangelwayo emikhumbi yokucindezela eyinhlanganisela, bheka i-athikili ye-CW ka-2021 nge-hydrogen.) I-Karapapas ka-Meggitt ithi uthole okunikezwayo kwemigqa ye-fiber optic enezinzwa ze-FBG ezilinganiselwa ku-£250/sensor (≈300€/inzwa), lowo ophenyayo ubiza cishe u-£10,000 (€12,000).” Inzwa ye-dielectric ewumugqa esiyihlolile yayifana nentambo eboshwe ongayithenga eshalofini,” wengeza.” Umphenyi esiwusebenzisayo,” kwengeza u-Alex Skordos, umfundi ( Umcwaningi ophezulu) ku-Composites Process Science e-Cranfield University, "ingumhlaziyi we-impedance, onembe kakhulu futhi obiza okungenani u-£30,000 [≈ €36,000], Kodwa i-NCC isebenzisa umhloli wemibuzo olula kakhulu ohlanganisa ngokuyisisekelo ngaphandle kweshalofu. amamojula avela enkampanini yezohwebo i-Advise Deta [Bedford, UK].” I-Synthesites icaphuna u-€1,190 wezinzwa ezisesikhunjini kanye ne-€20 yezinzwa ezisetshenziswa kanye/ingxenye E-EUR, i-Optiflow icashunwe ku-EUR 3,900 bese i-Optimold yona ibe ngu-EUR 7,200, ngezaphulelo ezikhulayo zamayunithi abahlaziyi abaningi. Lezi zintengo zifaka isofthiwe ye-Optiview nanoma iyiphi ukusekelwa okudingekayo, kusho u-Pantelelis, enezela ukuthi abakhiqizi be-wind blade basindisa amahora angu-1.5 ngomjikelezo ngamunye, bengeza ama-blades ngomugqa ngamunye ngenyanga, futhi banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngamaphesenti angu-20, ngokubuyisela ekutshalweni kwezimali izinyanga ezine kuphela.
Izinkampani ezisebenzisa izinzwa zizothola inzuzo njengoba inhlanganisela ye-4.0 yokukhiqiza kwedijithali ishintsha.Ngokwesibonelo, kusho uGrégoire Beauduin, uMqondisi Wokuthuthukiswa Kwebhizinisi kwa-Com & Sens, "Njengoba abakhiqizi bemikhumbi yokucindezela bezama ukunciphisa isisindo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezindleko, bangasebenzisa izinzwa zethu ukuze bathethelele. imiklamo yabo futhi iqaphe ukukhiqizwa njengoba ifinyelela emazingeni adingekayo ngo-2030. Izinzwa ezifanayo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola amazinga obunzima ngaphakathi kwezendlalelo ngesikhathi sokusonteka kwe-filament kanye nokuphulukiswa nazo zingaqapha ubuqotho bethangi phakathi nezinkulungwane zemijikelezo yokugcwalisa uphethiloli, zibikezele ukunakekelwa okudingekayo futhi ziqinisekise ekupheleni komklamo. ukuphila. We can I-digital twin data pool ihlinzekwa kuyo yonke imikhumbi yengcindezi eyinhlanganisela ekhiqizwayo, kanti nesixazululo siphinde sithuthukiswe amasathelayithi.”
Ukunika amandla amawele edijithali nochungechunge I-Com&Sens isebenza nomkhiqizi oyinhlanganisela ukusebenzisa izinzwa zayo ze-fiber optic ukunika amandla ukugeleza kwedatha yedijithali ngomklamo, ukukhiqizwa kanye nesevisi (kwesokudla) ukusekela amakhadi kamazisi edijithali asekela iwele ledijithali lengxenye ngayinye (kwesokunxele) eyenziwe. Ikhredithi yesithombe: I-Com&Sens kanye nomfanekiso 1, "Ubunjiniyela Ngemicu Yedijithali" ka-V. Singh, K. Wilcox.
Ngakho-ke, idatha yezinzwa isekela iwele ledijithali, kanye nentambo yedijithali ehlanganisa ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukusebenza kwesevisi kanye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi.Lapho ihlaziywa kusetshenziswa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini, le datha ibuyisela ekwakhiweni nasekucutshungulweni, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokusimama.Lokhu iphinde yashintsha indlela amaketanga okuhlinzeka asebenza ngayo ndawonye.Ngokwesibonelo, umkhiqizi wezinto ezinamathelayo u-Kiilto (Tampere, Finland) usebenzisa izinzwa ze-Collo ukuze asize amakhasimende akhe alawule isilinganiso sezingxenye A, B, njll. emshinini wabo wokuhlanganisa wezingxenye eziningi zokunamathela.” U-Kiilto manje ingakwazi ukulungisa ukwakheka kwezinamatheliso zayo kumakhasimende ngamanye,” kusho u-Järveläinen, “kodwa futhi ivumela u-Kiilto ukuthi aqonde ukuthi ama-resin asebenzisana kanjani ezinqubweni zamakhasimende, nokuthi amakhasimende asebenzisana kanjani nemikhiqizo yawo, okushintsha indlela ukunikezwa okwenziwa ngayo. Amaketanga angasebenza ndawonye.”
I-OPTO-Light isebenzisa izinzwa ze-Kistler, Netzsch kanye ne-Synthesites ukuqapha ukuphulukiswa kwezingxenye ze-CFRP ze-epoxy ze-thermoplastic ezinqwabelene.Ikhredithi yesithombe: AZL
Izinzwa ziphinde zisekele izinto ezintsha ezintsha nezinhlanganisela zenqubo.Kuchazwe esihlokweni se-CW sika-2019 ngephrojekthi ye-OPTO-Light (bona “Ama-Thermoplastic Overmolding Thermosets, 2-Minute Cycle, One Battery”), AZL Aachen (Aachen, Germany) isebenzisa izinyathelo ezimbili. inqubo yokucindezela ngokuvundlile i-single To (UD) carbon fibre/epoxy prepreg, bese ihlanganiswa ne-30% ye-glass fiber emfushane eqiniswe i-PA6.Isihluthulelo siwukwelapha kancane kuphela i-prepreg ukuze ukusebenza kabusha okusele ku-epoxy kunikeze amandla ukubopha ku-thermoplastic .I-AZL isebenzisa i-Optimold ne-Netzsch DEA288 Epsilon analyzer ene-Synthesites ne-Netzsch dielectric sensors kanye nezinzwa ze-Kistler in-mold kanye nesofthiwe ye-DataFlow ukuze uthuthukise ukubumba komjovo.”Kufanele ube nokuqonda okujulile kwenqubo yokubumba ukuminyanisa kwangaphambi kokukhulelwa ngoba kufanele wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi uya siqonde isimo sokwelapha ukuze sifinyelele ukuxhumana okuhle nokunqwabelana kwe-thermoplastic,” kuchaza unjiniyela wocwaningo we-AZL uRichard Schares. "Esikhathini esizayo, inqubo ingase ihambisane nezimo Futhi ihlakaniphe, ukujikeleza kwenqubo kubangelwa amasignali wezinzwa."
Nokho, kunenkinga eyisisekelo, kusho u-Järveläinen, “futhi lokho kuwukuntula ukuqonda kwamakhasimende mayelana nendlela yokuhlanganisa lezi zinzwa ezihlukahlukene ezinhlelweni zazo. Izinkampani eziningi azinabo ongoti bezinzwa.” Njengamanje, indlela eya phambili idinga abakhiqizi bezinzwa kanye namakhasimende Ukushintshanisa ulwazi emuva naphambili.Izinhlangano ezifana ne-AZL, DLR (Augsburg, Germany) kanye ne-NCC zithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa eziningi.USause uthe kunamaqembu ngaphakathi kwe-UNA, kanye nokuphuma izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa kanye nezinsizakalo ezingamawele edijithali.Ungeze ngokuthi inethiwekhi yokukhiqiza ye-Augsburg AI iqashe indawo engamamitha-skwele ayi-7,000 ngenxa yale njongo, “ukunweba ipulani yentuthuko ye-CosiMo ibe nobubanzi obubanzi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa namaseli e-automation axhumene, lapho abalingani bezimboni. bangabeka imishini, baqhube amaphrojekthi futhi bafunde ukuhlanganisa izixazululo ezintsha ze-AI. "
UCarapappas uthe ukuboniswa kwe-Dielectric sensor kaMeggitt e-NCC kwakuyisinyathelo sokuqala kulokho. isidingo nokuthi yiziphi izinto zoku-oda. I-Digital automation iyathuthuka. "
Siyakwamukela ku-SourceBook eku-inthanethi, ehambisana nohlelo lokuphrinta lwaminyaka yonke lwe-CompositesWorld lwe-SourceBook Composites Industry Buyer's Guide.
I-Spirit AeroSystems Isebenzisa I-Airbus Smart Design ye-A350 Center Fuselage kanye ne-Front Spars e-Kingston, NC
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-20-2022
